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Pre-dementia
Alzheimer's disease typically progresses through several clinical stages, preceded by an early phase with initial cognitive impairments. This phase, formerly known as pre-dementia, is now usually referred to as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease. It can manifest itself through symptoms such as declining short-term memory. With modern imaging techniques, especially amyloid PET, characteristic amyloid deposits in the brain can already be detected in this early phase. Laboratory chemical analyses of blood or cerebrospinal fluid can also provide indications of changes in protein concentrations typical of Alzheimer's disease. Although the clinical diagnosis of dementia is only made in later stages, the underlying Alzheimer's pathology can often be detected in advance today.
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Midbrain
The midbrain is the uppermost section of the brain stem. Its regions are located around the aqueduct, a canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Prominent structures include the tectum, tegmentum, and substantia nigra.
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Sports
“No sports”? Where Winston Churchill was wrong
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- Glossary
Ventricular system
A system of cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This provides protection, nutrition, homeostasis, and waste removal for the brain.
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24.02.2017
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- Diseases
- Alzheimer's disease
“And now he has Alzheimer's...” – A Guide for Relatives
Alzheimer's diagnosis: Find out what to expect and don't forget about yourself.
11.11.2025
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- Milestones
Thomas Willis: Founder of modern Neurology
In the 17th century, Thomas Willis produced the most accurate studies of the nervous system to date.
30.06.2016
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- News
- Question to the brain
How does EMDR work?
Trauma therapy with EMDR: How does it work and what happens in the brain?
14.04.2024
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- Diseases
- Multiple sclerosis
“A kind of inflammatory slurry behind a closed curtain”
Jürg Kesselring explains why immune response and neurodegeneration cannot be separated in MS.
09.07.2025
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- News
- Question to the brain
How do Placebo Drugs work?
What actually happens in the brain during the placebo effect?
02.02.2025
