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- Basics
- Communication of Cells
The battle over the neuron doctrine
The neuron doctrine is considered a fundamental idea in brain research – and has caused controversy.
26.08.2025
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- News
- Question to the brain
Why is it soothing to pet Animals?
Many people find petting an animal soothing. Is there a neurobiological explanation for this?
08.12.2024
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- Diseases
- Multiple sclerosis
MS under the microscope
MS: Damage to the axon causes a wide variety of symptoms
15.08.2025
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- News from the Institutes
Making up for lost time: Inhibitory neurons catch up during brain development
New insights into the emergence of brain cells that keep neural activity in balance
08.07.2025
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- Basics
- Anatomy
The Epithalamus
Probably not the seat of the soul after all: the pineal gland in the epithalamus.
09.10.2025
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- Discover
- Milestones
Minds and Ideas
Science is made by people – people with histories, dreams, and mistakes.
26.09.2012
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- Think
- Consciousness
When Consciousness fails
A complex system of brain structures is necessary for the conscious perception of our surroundings.
13.06.2025
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- Glossary
Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei (located beneath the cerebral cortex) in the telencephalon. The basal ganglia include the globus pallidus and the striatum, and, depending on the author, other structures such as the substantia nigra and the subthalamic nucleus. The basal ganglia are primarily associated with voluntary motor function, but they also influence motivation, learning, and emotion.
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- Glossary
CREB
A transcription factor in the cell nucleus that is activated by cAMP-dependent signaling pathways. CREB influences gene activity and can thus improve communication between two cells. This is a cellular basis for learning processes.
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- Glossary
Extrapyramidal system
The extrapyramidal system refers to a series of structures in the brain that play a key role in influencing motor function but are not part of the pyramidal tract. It consists of multisynaptic neuron chains. The extrapyramidal system includes numerous nuclei such as the striatum, pallidum, nucleus ruber, and substantia nigra.
