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- Glossary
Fight-or-flight response
According to Walter Cannon's theory from 1929, animals – just like humans – respond to acute threats with increased arousal. They have the choice between fight or flight. Both reactions are triggered by the same feeling of stress.
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- Glossary
caudal
A positional term – caudal means "towards the tail." In relation to the nervous system, it refers to a direction along the neural axis, i.e., towards the rear. In animals (that do not walk upright), the term always means: located at the end of the spine. Due to the upright gait of humans, the brain bends in relation to the spinal cord, which means that caudal also means downward.
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- Glossary
Nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus in a cell is the cell nucleus, which contains the chromosomes, among other things. In neuroanatomy, the nucleus in the nervous system refers to a collection of cell bodies – known as gray matter in the central nervous system and ganglia in the peripheral nervous system.
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- Glossary
Magnetic resonance imaging
A device used by medical professionals for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is an imaging technique used to diagnose malformations in various tissues or organs of the body. This method is particularly effective for imaging parts of the body that contain a lot of water. Patients are placed in a tube (scanner) and exposed to a strong magnetic field. However, they are not exposed to X-rays or other forms of ionizing radiation.
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- Glossary
Classical conditioning
According to Zimbardo's definition (1999), classical conditioning is a form of learning in which one stimulus or event predicts the occurrence of another stimulus or event. The organism learns a new association between two stimuli – between a stimulus that did not previously trigger the response and another stimulus that triggers the response according to the laws of nature. The best-known example is Pavlov's dog, which salivated when a bell rang.
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- Glossary
Cerebellar hemispheres
Like the cerebrum, the cerebellum also has two hemispheres. The hemispheres are primarily responsible for finely tuned, purposeful movement control.
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- Glossary
Cerebellar nuclei
A group of four paired nuclei located in the white matter of the cerebellum: the dentate nucleus, emboliform nucleus, globose nucleus, and fastigial nucleus. Functionally, the cerebellar nuclei are associated with motor tasks.
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- Glossary
Cerebellar peduncles
Three fiber connections on the right and left sides that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem. All afferent and efferent fibers of the cerebellum run through these connections.
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- Glossary
Climbing fiber
Climbing fibers are the axons (long fiber-like extensions of nerve cells) of neurons in the inferior olive nucleus of the brain stem. They extend into the cerebellum and "climb" along the Purkinje cells, with which they form synaptic connections.
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- Glossary
Collaterals
Collaterals are the side branches or secondary branches of blood vessels and axons.
